Red, White, and Black Essay Example for Free

Red, White, and Black EssayBy combining they were a stronger force against the colonists. primeval American transaction in the rootage settlements Relations characterized by resistance to the expansion of English settlement, submission into praying towns, and devastation through war and disease. Many of the Massachusetts Indians sought protection from Winthrop by selling their degrade and surrendering their independence. Pequot War So-called war consisting of clumsy plundering by Massachusetts troops and raids by Pequots in 1637. The colonists eventually won the alliance of rival tribes and waged a ruthless campaign. The war tipped the balance of military power to the English, opening the way to New Englands settlement. King Phillips War War between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists that took place from 1675-1676. The war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags, King Philip lead the natives. The war end Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites. Tuscaroras and Yamasees Two opposing Indians tribes whose disunity lead both to destruction.The Tuscaroran people were defeated by the colonists with the answer of the Yamasees in 1713, and the Yamasees were themselves defeated around 1715. Both tribes were scattered and soon disappeared. praying towns Towns set up by puritan missionaries for Indian converts to spread puritan Christianity, the first of which, Natick, was founded in 1651. As the Indian population in the east waned, assimilation as Praying Indians became the only option besides retreating farther west. Beaver Wars Wars that resulted from furious trading and hunting of Beaver pelts by the Dutch, the French, and the New Netherlands.The Overhunting of Beavers sent prices so high in 1742 that the Dutch armed the Iroquois and what resulted was bloody battles against Pro-French tribes. buckle downry Begins Followed the exploration of the African coast and the innovation of a slave trade Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. The slave trade then moved in to America as the development of a plantation system in Virginia offered a market for slavery and the first slaves arrived there in 1619. Slavery remained small among the colonies, however because it was not yet moneymaking for slavery under the conditions.As trade and agriculture grew and a plantation system grew so did slavery. Barbados Code Code adopted by Carolina in 1696 to support slaves at the will of their masters. It was often noted as an inhumane code but the society revolved around slaves, so laws like this were created in mark to keep control in the society. White owners relied on force and fear to control the growing black majority in the Carolinas. Maryland Slave Code, 1661 The first actual definition by the colonies of slavery as a lifelong, inheritable, racial status. It was issued by Maryland in 1661 in order to set up a distinct place for the slaves in the society. Out of the Maryland Slave Code of 1661 came the establishing of other slave codes that set up strict legal codes. Stono Rebellion Slave uprising in South Carolina in 1739, in which twenty slaves robbed guns and ammunition from the Stono River Bridge along with killing civilians. Officials suppressed the rebellion and stopped any much chaos and damage. It was a significant encounter because it caused white

Electronic Health Record Essay Example for Free

Electronic Health Record EssayIn the proposed scenario, a clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) with a Post-Masters Nursing Informatics Certificate has decided that the 100 bed hospital that she go bads in would benefit from transitioning from paper charting to victimization an electronic health record (EHR) system. She has d peerless initial clinical research and has a solid foundation of scoop out- enduring-practice reasons that support this change. She has too researched and studied the tuition on the governments websites HealthIT.gov, and CMS.gov pertaining to the American Reco truly and Reinvestment Act and the Health Information Technology for Economic and clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009. HITECH is a stimulus softw ar product approved by the US government exclusivelyowing $19 billion dollars to be divided between hospitals and doctors who demonstrate important utilize of electronic medical records(ARRA HITECH Solutions, 2015). She knows that the best way to select and institute an EHR is to assemble a team up of members with various specialties pertaining to the goals outlined in the stages of HITECH. Stage 1- Data capture and sharing, Stage 2- Advance clinical processes and Stage 3- Improved outcomes. Each of these stages has its own meaningful use criteria. As seen in the diagram to theleft.The CNS begins by choosing the members of her team from various disciplines in the hospital. Because this exit mean corporate wide changes and adoption. Her list includes the following, from the IT department, a Clinical Nursing Informatacist- chosen for a specialty in how nurses interact with software and what is take for nurses to effectively deal for patients, and the Director of Clinical Informatics- chosen for an overall knowledge base of the hospitals informatics resources and requirements including what software and hardware is currently on tap(predicate), what has worked or failed in the some meter(prenominal) and what changes leave alone need to happen to keep the hospital compliant with patient privacy and safety regulations.She leave also need a Corporate figure Manager to organize and disseminate information to the various off-site entities connect to the facilities that leave need to be on board with this change across the corporation. A Chief Medical Information Officer go forth be key in providing the perspective of the physicians and their particular needs and goals, and to be a liaison for the mental faculty physicians when the EHR rollout occurs. A Chief Information Officer go away bring knowledge about the hospitals day to day functions that will need to mix in into the new EHR along with how those systems currently function.A Chief Nursing Information Officer will consecrate water their finger on the pulse of each nurse unit and be aware of the different user interface requirements that will be needed by different departments for the the particularised type of flow and sell given. Lastly, a Chief Financial Officer will be able to guide the team on topics c oncerning governmental funding and current assets along with serving to create and maintain a budget as required with the acquisition of new software and hardware, he will also be able to work with each departments budget makers when the time comes for allocating training hours and equipment purchases. Along the way the team will need to bring in sub-specialists to give information and feedback as they hone the new system, but for now the assembled team will be responsible for researching, choosing and implementing the best EHR for their hospital.A.2 a-e) Choose 2 real-life computerized management systems and analyze them by comparing their advantages and disadvantages, recommend the best choice to meet the MU requirements, describe how the features of the recommended system meet the guidelines outlined in the three stages of meaningful use, describe the impact on quality of patient maintenance, documentation and o utcomes.The team is aware that currently they withstand a computerized system that they use for reporting and pencil leading labs, radiology and scheduling, but all documentation is paper based. They consider the price point involved with adding modules to the existing McKesson software vs purchasing and implementing an entirely new EHR called EPIC. EPIC appears to be user complaisant and able to seamlessly connect all of the facilities under the umbrella of their corporation. They make a list of some of the pros and cons associated with each system.McKesson has the upside of creation a system they have already worked with and it has different programs that can be pieced together to meet some of the meaningful use (MU) criteria for conformism. They already have a working relationship with this trafficker and some experience with the product. Once the discussion gets going, the team realizes that on that point are m either much bad points than good with McKesson. In their exp erience, the software modules are attached in a piecemeal fashion that makes it difficult for programs to interface. Quite frequently info is just lost and not retrievable. There are different data opening systems for the different types of departments i.e. OR, ER, labor delivery, Med/Surge, radiology, and p aggrieveacy. The different systems do not allow for across the board data harvesting and that makes it difficult and time consuming to track reportable nursing and CMS indicators. The aesthetics of McKesson are something that is frequently complained about by the mental faculty, due to lack of distinctive color transition and eye fatigue.Lastly, the group is very reluctant to carry on on building their EHR base with McKesson because the PCPs in the area will not be able to access hospital records, and office discover information will not be available to the hospital based staff. Due to the need for increased man hours in servicing McKesson, lack of discrete data samplin g, and the poor continuity of care related to PCPs not having access to hospital data and vice versa, the team decides to choose Epic instead. Epic has the buck side of being a system that will require a large initial outlay of funds. The hospital will have to purchase software, and related hardware. They will have to expand the IT and biomedical engineering departments to support and maintain the new system and equipment (something that would have been necessary to a smaller degree with McKesson).They will have to address some retrofitting needs related to wiring and computer instillation and lastly training will be a very oversized issue. Despite the potential down sides, the team comes up with a long list of reasons that EPIC is the right system to choose. To begin with EPIC is all one system. It allows for seamless interdepartmental interfacing. The PCPs in the area already use a version of EPIC and this will allow for easy data exchange and a patients information will follow them easily. The EPIC system has a medication reconciliation form that is easily viewable to all care givers and pharmacies in the area, keeping track of each patients reported medication dose and frequency. EPIC has a my chart feature that allows patients see labs, after visit summaries , and to interact with physicians about scheduling, medications and lab results. EPIC hasmany built in safe guards, including rallying cry protection, continuous backup and recovery programs so no data is lost, and the vendor provides continuing support as needed. EPIC comes in 3 pre-bundled, customizable templates, each already set up to meet the Meaningful Use (MU) criteria without having to alter the program.The team can disembodied spirit at the three available options and determine if one fits them perfectly, or find the closest one and alter it to fit their specific needs. about examples of how EPIC will meet the Stage 1 MU criteria are computerized physician order entry, checking for drug fundamental interactions and allergies automatically, tracking demographics, keeping current diagnosis, medication and allergy lists, allowing patients to have electronic access to discharge summaries, and it gives patients electronic access to physicians. Once the hospital has used EPIC for at least two years, some examples of how EPIC will help meet the Stage 2 MU criteria are ongoing patient data entry and discreet sampling for report generation. The team will continue to develop the software that demonstrates interoperability in sharing of lab results with other providers and systems. Security risk assessment will be ongoing and built into the system.Smoking posture will be tracked on all patients 13 and older and the EPIC software is designed to guide the facility from meeting the Stage 1 criteria to meeting the Stage 2 criteria. Stage 3 MU objectives are projected to improve outcomes. The team is waiting on the final ruling for what the Stage 3 guidelines will be and in the mean time they have a projected goal of focusing on primary prevention measures and improving overall population health. This will include recommended vaccination reminders, smoking cessation assistance, healthy lifestyle and meal planning recommendations, and yearly checkup reminders generated by primary physicians that will crossover to hospital patient charts. Some of the better benefits of EPIC include point and click tabs in the assessment fields, this allows for discrete sampling of information. EPIC utilizes a reporting workbench that will harvest requested, reportable dataand assemble it into a user friendly template. This will benefit the hospital by simplification former man-hours required to find and collect data for clinical quality measures, public health reporting, and CMS indicators.Discrete data sampling from EPIC will make the hospital a benefit to the community as well by allowing it to track trends and provide information to community health nurses. EPIC comes wit h the ability to create hard stops and reminders that allow real-time users to be aware of needs for care coordination and patient specific follow-ups or recommended testing related to treating chronic conditions. It will also allow for symptom driven order entry fields to be immediately available in emergent situations where time taken to look for those things could mean a worse outcome. This is especially important when people present with symptoms of stroke or heart attack. Another EPIC benefit is the different levels of bedside specific PHI protection related to sensitive care. EPIC has a break the glass functionality pertaining to all sexual assault and psychiatric admits.This function only allows relevant staff to open and view these patients charts, any others are shown a pop-up warning and a notice is sent to start an investigation of any other person who logs in to theses charts. The team is impressed with the information provided by EPIC concerning discernning patients a nd medications at the bedside and the reduction in medication errors this causes. The scanners will integrate with the medication dispensing machines already in use at the hospital. One of the major benefits of EPIC is the order entry build. Each physician, with a minimal amount of training, can customize the order entry process to reflect their needs. Medication orders are instantly linked to a pharmacist to double check for allergies, and correct dosing information, and then the medication becomes available, via PYXIS machines on the unit for the RN to administer at the bedside. The bedside dosing requires the patient and medication to be scanned, further eliminating potential errors, and provides a pop-up warning if an emergency override is required during any of thesesteps. While the team acknowledges that training and time to become familiar with the new charting and bedside routine changes will initially impact patient care in a negative way, they have a plan in mind to keep t he patients educated on the new system changes and the anticipated better care available to the patients across the board from instituting an EHR system. Having the patients ask questions and give real time feedback will help the team tweek their training and bedside routines to give better, more organized care that results in trackable outcomes. This is just an overview of some of the many functions EPIC has that persuaded the team to choose it as the new EHR system for the hospital. (EPIC and McKesson related information was culled from the authors own experience with the systems and individual(prenominal) interviews with multiple members of the informatics department at St Francis Hospital, Indianapolis campus).A.3 a) Use of Quality Improvement DataEPIC has point and click assessment tabs and a standardise documentation format that links related data. This allows for discrete data sampling related to things like CMS indicators. The hospital will be able to track compliance with things like door to EKG times in the emergency department, Foley catheter use and resultant CAUTIs, and the time from when a patient presents with stroke symptoms until a cat scan is done and/or whether the patient receives antithrombolytics as a result. The hospital will also be able to generate reports on errors that occur the via the Risk monitoring device Pro incident tracking software. This will allow them to continue researching and improving processes.A. 3 b) Security Standards and MethodsEPIC has 24 hour monitoring of staff use age logged in, and the records they access. This is important because hundreds of staff members will be using the system and there has to be accountability if employees were to look up their own records, or the records of friends or family. Thisinformation can be tracked and the employee interviewed and disciplined if needed. EPIC also comes equipped with incident reporting software called Risk Monitor Pro. All staff members are encouraged to use t his format to report any incident that might warrant further investigation. It covers every location, type of employee, type of equipment, patient, visitor or vendor. Risk Monitor Pro forms are used to report potential or perceived injuries, faulty equipment, sentinel events and things that have the potential to cause harm or damage.This information can be followed up on by the risk management team, so that process improvement is an ongoing process. The team kit and boodle with members from the IT department and plans for primary data storage with a redundant back up storage unit that simultaneously updates so if the primary server fails there is no loss of information. They have also planned for a second, off site data storage center that can be used in case of emergency to ensure continuity of services, and keep things up and running game while the primary system is off line for upgrades. Lastly back up tapes will be kept at a third site in case both of these areas are compromise d, and the system can be rebooted and running again within 72 hours.A. 3 c) Explain how the system will protect patient privacy and meet HIPAA requirements EPIC will protect patient privacy in a number of ways. End User access is limited to only being able to access the information needed to do their jobs. Making the accessible information different for nurses, physicians, registration clerks, radiology technicians, committee members etc.Personnel will only be granted access once they have completed security training and have signed documentation stating that they understand the legal risks and responsibilities when accessing protected health information (PHI). Individuals outside the hospital will have access to EPIC as well, for example nursing home physicians. They will have a read only access granted, but will require multiple patient identifiers to access the information. Also, as mentioned earlier, EPIC will employ security relatedchart hard stops like unwrap the Glass.A. 3 d ) Explain how the recommended system meets HIPAA requirements EPIC helps to meet HIPAA requirements with automated enforcing of access policies, and pro-active alerting that links directly to the risk management department, requiring strong password policies, and automatic logout at end user work stations. EPIC allows providers to protect the integrity of data and recover original data in the case of it being altered or damaged. EPIC users are required to have appropriate training to be able to access the system, and can be locked out in the case of termination. Portable devices carry encryption software that does not allow for third party data extraction or access. EPIC can also quickly generate reports with discrete sampling related to various forms of access. The majority of compliance will be the responsibility of the staff with written policies, documented clear programs and investigation that is on-going, consistent and documented.A. 3 e) Describe how adopting the system will reduce costs to the makeup Instituting this new system will initially generate more costs, but in the long run will save the hospital money in many ways. Meeting the ARRA/HITECH Act requirements will help to equilibrium those cost with financial incentives and avoiding fines and penalties. Having readily available test results will decrease the costs and labor associated with repeating lost or illegible results. With superior organization and data summary tools, the cost for labor associated with studying charts individually and generating reports will be exponentially lower.The need for transcriptionists will be greatly reduced by utilizing dictation software. Facilities for storage of paper charting cost money for upkeep and staffing. An electronic database should make billing and insurance claims easier to process and thereby generate revenue faster. The time it takes for physicians to spend going over complicated medical histories with patients is greatly reduced byhaving tha t information readily available in a database. According to a recent study, when hospitals rely on advanced electronic health records they can save up to 10 percent per patient admission (Advanced EHR Cuts Hospital be By 10% Per Admission, 2014).4. A) Explain why active nursing involvement in the planning, selection, and implementation of the systems is important to the success of the implementation process and meeting meaningful use requirementsActive nursing involvement is important to the success of implementing any process that affects care given at the bedside. For the system to be optimized for use, nursing suggestions and feedback are critical. EPIC knows this and has a team of nurses on staff to work with the facilityin developing end-user interface. Nurses from the hospital include the advocates, CNSs, NPs, LPNs, managers, and bedside care givers, each with a specific focus and experiences that are valuable when helping to decide how charting should work. Any thing that pu lls a nurses attention away from the patient, or is distracting or difficult to work with decreases the perceived level of care and increases the potential for errors.The health care goals of meaningful use include improving efficiency, safety and quality while decreasing discrepancies, involving patients and their families in their care, improving public health outcomes, improving care coordination, and advancing security and privacy of PHI (Gregory Klepfer, 2010). All of these things are the foundation of every interaction a nurse has with a patient. This is why nursing is one of the most trusted professions, according to the Gallup pole website, nurses come out on top at 80% when people were asked to rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in different given fields (Honesty/Ethics in Professions Gallup Historical Trends, n.d.).Because standard nursing care already meets the goals outlined for meaningful use, the most important thing the averagenurse can do is to work h ard to be skilled utilizing the selected EHR software. Advanced users and nurse leaders are important to help guide the EHR selection process in the direction that will improve the bedside interactions and user interface. Clinical nurse specialists have advanced educations and bring the nursing philosophy to the selection and implementation process. All of these roles are vital to the success of any EHR implementation.

Management and Sm Essay Example for Free

Management and Sm EssayAnswer yes its will get long time dodging and its will be from 1 grade up 3 year maybe its be long time strategy until the clear and understand about the policy and situation of this SM (mampM) count in determinism, that is, the choices they make are determined by their internal and external environments, are proactive, shape ideas, and change the way people think about what is desirable, possible, and necessity more willing to invest in innovation, serviceman capital, and creating and maintaining an effective culture to ensure long-term viability focus on tacit knowledge and develop strategies as communal forms of tacit knowledge that promote enactment of a vision, see themselves as conservators and regulators of existing order sense of who they are depends on their role in organization Note Recent reports indicate the continued preference of Ramalingam Rajus style of management by the old employees of Satyam and the fact that such employees feel that t hey are macrocosm managed by outsiders. It is also rumored that it is these employees who are now trying to switch their jobs. Of course, the SM management is doing its best to win over such employees and is taking pro-active steps to dot such rumors. 2. What HR strategy would you recommend for SM to inculcate a sense of belongingness, loyalty and improved performance of its employees? Answer * The Sm its very weighty role is playing for the improve of loyalty of employees and performance of employees, * The SM its master the competence of sm ,which discuses methodologies of tolerating and managing underline one needs to climb which are stress tolerance and impulse controls ,respectively .Focus on corporate strategy, and try to pinpoint at least three goals of the strategy as stated by high-altitude management. Create human resource performance indicators that are closely tied to the strategy objectives for the organization. Focus on both short- and long-term strategy object ives. For instance, suppose if its has SM . Theres a strong link between experience and education in terms of employee performance , Figure out how management measures strategy implementation. Connect the human resource performance goals to managements measurement. The sales staff or the employees that interface directly with customers are usually the easiest to measure in terms of performance. This may be an idol group to measure.Track the connection between strategic management goals and human resource performance goals, and try to identify trends in human resource actions/strategy and the overall corporate strategy. It is important to be able to link the connection using the same measurement criteria as management to improve the SM . short-term performance of a business and its underlying healththat is, involved in situations and contexts characteristic of day-to-day activities, its ability to sustain and improve performance year aft(prenominal) year after year. They also may n eed to manage their companies differently. view work as an enabling process involving some combination of ideas and people interacting to exhibit strategies

Representation Of Consciousness In To The Lighthouse English Literature Essay

Representation Of Consciousness In To The beacon light English Literature EssayThis paper examines the view that consciousness is a key theme in To the Lighthouse1and is used to explore the nature of materiality both as it relates to the subjective world of somebodys and the objective world that society agrees on. Further, that Mr and Mrs Ramsay appear to represent the twain aspects, Mr Ramsay objective and Mrs Ramsay subjective and that Lily Briscoes character is used to resolve the question of how whizz person green goddess make sense of these apparently difference of opinioning internal and immaterial views of reality. In a sense, the end of the book when Lily has her vision could be read as her solving Mr Ramsays life work into subject and object and the nature of reality. (p.26)In many ways Woolfs style is stream of consciousness lots of thoughts presented without clear distinctions between them or who is having them. Sometimes we see the characters through their own eyes, sometimes one character is thinking about a nonher one, and sometimes the author appears to be making her own comment on a character without being short sure of her facts about them. We see how internal attempts impact outward actions and affect the way characters perceive each other.Woolf uses her authorial voice in the way she frames and selects received aspects of her characters that she would like us to see and not others. If a stream of consciousness technique had been used throughout however, this would not have been so obvious. As Ayers puts itTo the Lighthouse presents the consciousness of various characters in an idiom which sometimes is borrowed from the minds and voices of the characters, and at other times is cast in a narrative voice which is independent of the character(s) even off while it narrates according to their thought and k this instantledge. This means there is still an authorial voice present3She selectively dips in and out of her characters thoughts, in to the mind of another character, and mainstay again.the lines separating narrator and author, and narrator and character, are, in most cases, very obscure. In some instances, therefore, it is vital to see, to feel, the various ways the author places the narrator, since the position the indorser feels will lots establish for him the narrators location in the setting and this not only firmly identifies him but also clarifies his race to the action.4All her characters speak in the same idiom, they can not really be differentiated by the haggle they use. They are not thinking off the top of their heads their thoughts are articulated in a highly formulated prose. Mr Ramsay is characterised by the omniscient narrator in terms of rational facts and outward realityWhat he said was true. It was always true. He was unequal to(p) of untruth never tampered with a fact never altered a disagreeable word to suit the pleasure or convenience of any mortal(a) being, least of all his own child ren (p.4)Later on in the first section the same argument about whether it will be fine passable to go to the Lighthouse tomorrow is continued, but this time we are taken into the consciousness of Mr Ramsay and see that his view of reality is, after all, coloured by passion. scarce it is a passion for the absolute as it affects his family. He wants their internal reality to match the external worldThe extraordinary irrationality of her remark, the folly of womens minds enraged himand now she flew in the face of facts, made his children hope what was utterly out of the question, in effect, told lies. (p.36)More is revealed about how him, however, when we are shown Mrs Ramsays perceptions. Mrs Ramsay is depicted as the opposite of her husband, relying on her feelings and cognition to unite people5To pursue truth with such astonishing lack of consideration for other peoples feelings, to rend the thin veils of civilization so wantonly, so brutally, was to her so horrible an outrage of human decency. (p.37)Three consciousnesses are used in this example to show that reality is not just what is out there in the physical world, but that there is also an inner reality of feeling, which cannot be separated from external pressures. In each example above, the sense of reality shifts slightly, as does the readers perception of each characters consciousness.This sense of shifts in consciousness and reality is set up from the first page pile Ramsay, sit down on the floor slap-up out pictures from the illustrated catalogue of the Army and Navy Stores, endowed the picture of a refrigerator as his mother spoke with heavenly bliss. It was fringed with joythough he appeared the image of stark and uncompromising severity, with his high forehead and his fierce blue eyesso that his mother, watching himimagined him all red and ermine on the Bench or directing a stern and momentous enterprise in some crisis of public affairs. (pp.3-4)The omniscient narrator shows us James sitting on the floor, dips into his consciousness to tell us how he is feeling, goes back out again to describe what he looks like then goes into his mothers imagination as she looks at him. Auerbach6calls this the multipersonal representation of consciousness and Nussbaum7tells us the reader is everlastingly made aware of the richness of consciousness, and of the tremendous gap between what we are in and to ourselves, and the part of the self-importance that enters the interpersonal world. None of the characters are shown to the reader with absolute clarity, as seen through a photographers lens, but as perceived by human consciousness glimpses caught and revelations made.Woolf is onerous to show life as it is lived. Not as a neatly packaged event with well understood motives and defined beginnings and endings, but as a series of perceptions and small moments of understanding which constantly shift over time according to the influence of those people around us.Characters are shown trying t o deal with the conflict between their own internal reality, their consciousness or state of being, and the external reality, the real world with its expectations of how things are, as generated by society and the way nature is real independent of any human force on it.James thinks things that a six year old boy would not actually be thinking. Woolf takes James simple hate of his father thwarting him and uses highly stylised and metaphorical language comprised of grammatically precise sentences8to explain how he feels about his father disrupting his relationship with his mother.he hated him for the exaltation and sublimity of his gesturesbut most of all he hated the twang and twitter of his fathers emotion which, vibrating round them, disturbed the perfect repose and good sense of his relations with his mother. (p.42)In this case, James consciousness is not hazy at all it is sharp and focused, but the language used forces the reader to the conclusion that this perception is given t o him by the narrator for her own purposes, to heighten the tension and create an atmosphere of instant hatred. That it does not accurately describe the words that a boy of James age would use does not necessarily mean that it is not truthful, that it does not accurately convey his feelings. That the voice of the narrator is complex with James highlights the difficulty of reconciling an internal reality with an external codified and recognised one. This constant shifting in narrative voices also highlights the difficulties of ever subtile all of another person, which Love has presented as a problemThe difficulty with the Ramsays, in short, is this People who seem to know one another do not truly know one another. They have a certain tense harmony and union, but even as they are united, they are discordant deep down themselves and with one another. Knowledge is unknowing harmony contains disharmony9But much of what Woolf seems to be saying with her characters is that they do not a ctually know themselves fully. Just as there is no one reality, no meaning of life, there is no one unwavering internal core of self knowledge and belief it is constantly changing with external influences. Even when Lily Briscoe has her vision it is acknowledged as fleeting, as a small part of lifeshe looked at her canvas it was blurred. With a jerky intensity, as if she saw it clear for a second, she drew a line there, in the centre. It was done it was finished. Yes, she thought, laying down her brush in extreme fatigue, I have had my vision. (p.242)Lily could be read as a combination of both Mr and Mrs Ramsay as she wants to get beyond her inner reality, typified by Mrs Ramsay and represent it through her art, in an outward way. This is what Mr Ramsay does, although he uses words rather than art and does not have to struggle in the same way that Lily does to give herself permission to paint. His internal struggle is more of the nature of knowing he is not quite the Great Man he w ould like to be, but he does know that it is his right to be one, whereas Lily feels that the mere act of painting and expecting to be taken seriously as an artist is something she has to fight for, she is aware of her own inadequacy, her insignificance. (p.22)Ayers sees To the Lighthouse as having a negative conclusion because Lilys painting is destined to be confined to a future attic10but it could also be interpreted as being domineering on the individual scale as Lily does have her vision she comes to an understanding of life and her place in it that does not depend on being shown in an art gallery of the (male) establishment. So there is more than a tentative suggestion of the importance of art in transfiguring the moment11because that transfiguration takes place on an individual basis.Lily has achieved her own personal unity in the face of opposing, controlling forces and expectations such as Mr Ramsays greatness and his demands for sympathy, George Tansleys remembered women cant paint, cant write (p.184) and Mrs Ramsays reverence for men and her usage as the familys emotional centre. In that moment she reconciled the internal and external, the subjective and objective. Woolf it seems is saying that it is only on this fleeting moment-to-moment basis that life can be understood but that these moments build on top of each other to provide fresh versions of reality, which can in turn be renegotiated and perceived.

Sociological Concepts of the Family Modern Day Family

Sociological Concepts of the Family Modern Day FamilyIntroductionIn this essay, I read out be explaining the family twist of my case study (who we will refer to as Andrew to protect his identity and in keeping with the Data Protection Act 1998) and the trance the family has had in his life. I will identify and explain two sociological perspectives and compare them with todays idea of the family with the traditional idea of the family, I will also nominate three sociological concepts and explain them in relation to the role of the family.There have been many changes to the family since the 1950s when a typical family would have been described as a nuclear family which was made up of a married couple and their dependent children, the husband would have been the bread winner and the wife the homemaker. Today, provided the structure of the family has gradu in ally changed oer the years since thusly, we are at once seeing a rise in single parent families which is defined as fami lies with children (under 18 years old) headed by a parent who is widowed, divorced and not remarried, or by a parent who has never been married. In Scotland, it is believed that there are just over 170,000 single parents looking after 291,000 children (www. intelligence agency.gov.scot/news/lone-parents), divorce rates in Scotland between 2000 and 2007 steadily rose and at its peak in 2007 stood at 13,767, since then the number of divorces decreased (www.statista.com) a total of 9,700 marriages legally ended in 2012-13, a drop of 14% over the previous 4 years (www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-26714426). Nowadays there are also more couples choosing to cohabitate rather than get married as it is seen as more acceptable, in a report by the Telegraph it is believed that divorce rates are at their lowest in 40 years due to the rise in the cost of getting married and couples choosing to live as common law husband and wife. (www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/12011714/divorce-rate-at-lowest-l evel-in-40-years-after-cohabitation-revolution.html). With more and more women becoming independent and building careers, the man is now seen to be sacramental manduction the responsibilities of the childcare and housework, this is cognise as the symmetrical family which basically means more similar roles exist. We have also seen a rise in a intermix family, also known as step family, reconstituted family. It is when a family unit where one or both parents have children from a previous relationship, but they have have to form a new family. The parents may or may not have children together. In 2011 step-families made up 8% 26,000 of the population and household in Scotland (www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk). Andrews family structure could best be described as a single parent family before being taken into care. His mother ended her relationship with Andrews novice before she gave birth due to domestic violence and them both being dependant on drugs, to date Andrew has never met his b irth father.Sociological perspectives such as functionalism are a theory that all positions in federation serve a function and is essential to the continuation and structure of that society. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) was a sociologist who argued that society had to be studied in its own terms and not of that of the individual. Durkheim believed that societies were knitted together by everyone sharing the same values, which through time would change as these societies get bigger and more complex. Durkheim referred as how society comes together through a shared view of rules, norms and roles. Mechanical solidarity is a form of social cohesion that arises when battalion in society maintain similar values and beliefs and engages in similar types of work, organic solidarity is a form of social cohesion that arises when people in society are interdependent, but hold varying values and beliefs and engage in various types of work. Another perspective is base on the conflict theory, whic h is primarily based on the work of Karl Marx (1818-1883). The conflict perspective focuses on the clear divide, how the wealthy control the poor and the weak in the competition of scarce resources. The bourgeoisie represents the class with the wealth and means and the proletariat represents the working class or poor, Marxs theory was that the bourgeoisie would control the proletariat with their wealth and power therefor subjecting them to worsening conditions, deliverance inequality to light and the possibility of revolt. If conditions were addressed to the concerns of the proletariat, the conflict circle would eventually repeat. victimisation these perspectives in comparison with todays idea of the family with the traditional idea of the family, the functionalist perspective has some(a) similarities and differences. The similarities are that society still shares the same views, beliefs and norms, however through time these have changed, before the idea of the traditional family would be the nuclear family which would consist of a father, mother and dependent children, but with the rise in divorce rates and couples choosing not to get married in the past years we are now seeing more of single parent families. With laws and attitudes changing we are now also seeing it more acceptable in society for same shake couples getting married and starting families, something that would have been unacceptable in past years. The advance in technology is something that has had an impact on family life, before families would gather lap for dinner, play games, watch TV etc. but with the technical advances in mobile phones, social media and gaming consoles this is something that has dwindled and we are now seeing less of. Using the conflict perspective, we still have the divide in class with the wealthy having the majority of power and means. We still see competition for the scarce resources and the poorer and weaker families suffering as a result, mainly due to low minim um wage, benefit sanctions and the lack of social housing. We have seen a rise in social conflict in that communities have been divided by religion and race, with the rise in terrorist attacks many minorities and people seeking asylum are feeling isolated and victimised as a consequence of other peoples actions.The roles of the family are broken down as mum, dad, sister, brother, grandparents etc., in Andrews case this is something that was quite confusing to him as he had never known his father and seen his older sister and grandmother as his primary care givers and parental figures. Even though his sister was not much older than him he realised that his mother was not acting in the role she should have been. This was due to neglect through drug use and his sister taking on the role of his mother and for Andrew his role as a son was never accomplished due being unable to form an attachment with his mother. This is something that we have seen all too often in Scotland which the Scot tish government are highlighting through a report called Hidden Harm. It highlights that, parental drug use drive out and does cause serious harm to children of every age. With Andrew not having a father figure in his life he seen his mother as the sole provider of the household. With most of the financial resources being brought into the household being used to fund his mothers drug use, Andrew had noticed the social divide in class when he started rail as the other children would be dressed better and spoke about the things they had that he didnt, this lead to Andrew being bullied which wreakd to the behaviours he displayed at home.The norms of the family may include doing together such as going to church, having dinner, holidays picnics, watching movies etc., the definition of norm is something that is usual, typical, or standard. In todays society, it is much harder for families to spend time together. According to a report by the daily mail it is estimated that families spen d less than eight hours a week together due to the stresses of modern life. this could be due to parent/parents working extensive hours or anti-social hours to keep up with the bills, with the advance in technology parents and children spending more time on social media, children playing gaming consoles and watching TV, however it is important for families to spend time together to create an environment that helps shape childrens character and self-esteem and brings the family closer.Family values are something that is passed on from generation to generation and contribute to the familys structure, function, roles, beliefs and attitudes. The importance of family values is something many people take for granted and is highlighted in times of crisis, this is when our values influences the decisions we make and seek protection from outside influences such as peer pressure. This is when parental guidance is needed, in Andrews case he never had the values or parental guidance needed to steer him through his childishness and adolescence, something that might have helped manage his behaviours towards others.ConclusionMy research into the family has helped me to understand my case study more and how the influences of the family can have a big impact on how a person is shaped in society.Word count 1570References http//www.statista.com/statistics/367809/scotland-divorce-rate/accessed 06.02.17http//www.gov.scot/news/lone-parents-in-workaccessed 06.02.17http//sheknows.com/parenting/article/831061/5-reasons-family-time-rocksaccessed 09.01.17http//www.gov.scot/resource/doc/114027/0027764.pdfaccessed 27.02.16http//www.scotlandscensus.gov.ukaccessed 07.02.17http//www.medlineplus.govencyarticleaccessed 19.12.16http//www.psyhologytoday.combasicsaccessed 19.12.16http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/12011714/Divorce-rate-at-lowest-level-in-40-yearsaccessed 30.12.16http//www.sociology.com/001/Profiles/fl/Why-Emile-Durkheim-Matters-to-Sociologists.htmaccessed 05.01.17http//www.i nvestopedia.com/terms/c/conflict-theory.aspaccessed 06.01.17http//.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-236193/No-time-family-You-Parents-children-spend-hour-day-modern-demands.htmlaccessed 04.01.17http//www.cecp.air.org/wraparound/family.htmlaccessed 04.01.17http//www.healthofthechildren.com/s/Single-Parent-Families.htmlaccessed 05.02.17http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-26714426accessed 06.02.17

Chapter-V Discussion, conclusion and Recommendations

Chapter-V Discussion, conclusion and RecommendationsIt is relatively easy to appreciate that one of the major issues in regard of the over all wellness scenario concerned their honor to the prisons correctional system. The typify research has uncovered the fact that there may entangled be several problem involved with the administrative, organizational and facilities regarding prison sports as well as establishing respectable corporal activities program in a variety of institution including prisons.The long term inmates have take overed public exposure policy. This policy hold that prisons must be concerned with security first and for intimately, with other issues existence unimportant. In the process sum of the program which have suffered include education and recreation. This is problematic beca utilize such programs champion to lower tension in prisons and build intermit relationship between staff and inmates.The research worker found that most conventional social act ivities in prison are sedentary, non- corporeally active, and similar types of pursuits. One of the major problems in prison recreation and sports is that it primarily serve the purpose of alleviating ennui and passing the era more quickly.Various prisoners made demand to the researcher that there must be a provision to reduce the amount of time spent in there barracks and increase the amount of time for sports activities. They also insisted that better sports facilities must be wage hiked. Model Prison Manual, (2003) of India, states the presence of physical pedagogue in every jail. Despite the injunction by the model prison the researcher found no physical educator in any of the jails undertaken in the analyze and the allotted time for sports activities was understaffed and the necessary facilities regarding any type of physical activities had not been provided. The lack of government funds, detri psychical social attitude and legislation, exceptional staff, over crowding, inadequate facilities, spars equipments and old fashioned recreational philosophy reduce the chances of inmate to get engage in systematic sports and physical activities.Many inmates grant that very limited sports facilities (31.91%) are purchasable to them whereas large number of inmates (82.82 %) are interested in sports activities which are not offered often, the stated sports facility needs of inmates are not even accepted when developing any program for the jail upliftment.Another problem with prison sports programs involves factors associated with motivation. Inmates often participated in activities for the rewards such as escape from work, trophies and better diet etc. All these extrinsic motivational factor are likely to produce lesser chances of enhancing self image, confidence are likely to shallow. accord Card (1983) inmates who take part in recreational activity because of there own personnel interest will likely reap greater benefits than those who manufacture inv olve primarily through the persuasion.The political science of India ranked the use of sports and other physical activities, high alongwith higher education, establishing the family health and welfare, defense of the country and work for new-made India to lead the country at the global plane. Recreation and other sports activities have been the means of obtaining many individual and social benefits. Constructive use of physical activities produces pitying beings and outlet for creativity and self expression. According to Nash (1971), this drive may be expressed high on a scale in terms of be expressed high on a scale in terms of be explorer, inventor, discoverer, or in the limitless typed of hobbies. Recreation has not only contend an important part in the treatment program of the mentally ill, but it has kept patient well.In the light of the preceding watchword, sports may be potentially valuable rehabilitative tools in correction of moral behavior of prisoners. By having the discussion of the researcher with the prisoners in various jails, it had been concluded that physical activities sports and their related facilities would give more balanced life to prisoners and those who are not able are willing the participate in physically active sports should have other options available to them.McDermott. King (1989), found that prisoners are very much involve with physical education for two basic purposes. First it helps to defend against a prisoners physical mental decline. Second it help a better relationship between the prisoners and the prison staff.Following the analysis of data generated during the study following were the main findings sports facilities and their administration were inadequate and poorly administered, the programs in relation to sports lacked specific goals, the programs help pass the time but served no rehabilitative purpose, there was very little carry-over value of prison activities because many of the sports facilities were inade quate, and attitudes towards recreational activities were mostly before ones incarceration and would rarely be changed by sparse existing rehabilitation and physical activities programs in Uttar Pradesh Mandal locks.Flynn (1974), discovered reason for limited recreational activities is due to the staff concerned for the security. The greater amount of security that is required, the greater amount it well coast. There is usually a shortage of staff at institution which creates problems with general security procedures. If security is a problem with a general prison population, physical activities programs may provide greater burden on security.A good prison sports program must be well planned to suit the needs of inmates. Forced lodge would defeat the purpose of corrections. With careful planning and developing large number of facilities and activities can be provided for the prisoners in any prison. The introduction of community based sports programs with the lumber of recreatio n opportunity as well as the creative reintegration of an offender with his or her family and within greater social system. Security, however, must still be considered apriority for the community. Muth (1974) opined that having the aptitude of participating in recreational activities with ones partner and/or children gives the offender a much better opportunity to economise his/her family intact.According to World Health judicature (2003) the prisoner must be treated as complete whole person. The recreation aspect of life is stressed to help the offender in this way.During incarceration, inmates suffer the loss of many things freedom, a sense of reality, sensory experiences, and the reality of who they are. Through participation in sports and other activities, inmates can experience some limited wangle over these areas for short period of time. The participation will also help on offender in the re-socialization process. Who believes that an inmates need to be seen as a descend person for them to become better citizens and recreation through basic sports facilities within the prisons walls is a part of this concept.Though Model Prison Manual, 2003 of India did mention about the bodily Training instructor under the Educational Personnel of administrative frame-work of jail personnel, but forget to mention the duties of Physical Training Instructor under the carriage Duties of Educational Personnel. This itself shows the lack of awareness, among the jail policy-makers, about the importance of games and sports for the rehabilitation of incarcerated persons.Special discussion is required for the Kanpur Mandal put behind bars due to the fact that the Senior Superintendent of Jail denied the permission the carryout the proposed research work though the researcher produced all the relevant documents of permission and orders to collect the data from the highest authority of Uttar Pradesh Jails, i.e. the Director General of Jail, Jail constitution Reform Ser vices, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow. The administrator of the Kanpur District Jail did not comply with the orders and repudiate the researcher to access into the jail premise to collect the relevant data for the present study. The similar administrator told the researcher to go away from his office immediately and escorted the researcher up to the main gate of the jail to ensure the exit of the researcher from the jail premise. Hence the researcher could not collect data from the Kanpur Mandal Jail due to the preceding mishappening.Discussion On HypothesisThe first hypothesis in the chapter-I was mentioned as Jails do not have an effective organizational set-up for sports. As it has been found during the watch over of all the Mandal Jails of Uttar Pradesh that the organizational set-up is not up to the mark for sports as has been depicted in the following FigureFigure-18Column Diagram of Organizational Set-up of Uttar Pradesh JailsHence, the first hypothesis of the study has been achieve d.The second hypothesis in the chapter-I was mentioned as Jails do not have an effective sports administrative setup to ensure proper growth and development of jail inmates. As it has been found during the survey of all the Mandal Jails of Uttar Pradesh that the administrative set-up is not up to the mark for sports as has been depicted in the following FigureFigure-19Column Diagram of Administrative Set-up of Uttar Pradesh JailsHence, the second hypothesis of the study has been achieved.The triad hypothesis in the chapter-I was mentioned as Jails do not have proper infrastructural facilities in term of play fields, equipments, coaching facilities etc. As it has been found during the survey of all the Mandal Jails of Uttar Pradesh that the infrastructural facilities is not up to the mark for sports as has been depicted in the following FigureFigure-20Column Diagram of Infrastructural Facilities of Uttar Pradesh JailsHence, the third hypothesis of the study has been achieved.4. The quaternate hypothesis in the chapter-I was mentioned as Jails (of All Mandals in Uttar Pradesh) do not have an ideal set-up for sports. The researcher has taken the Model Prison Manual, 2003 of India as the criterion for ideal set-up. The preceding manual states that every jail should have one physical training instructor (page no.44, chapter- 4.03.4-b) under the Educational Personnel but the researcher did not find any physical training instructor in any of the jails of Uttar Pradesh Mandal. Hence, the fourth hypothesis of the study has also been achieved.ConclusionPrisoners often come out to have high rates of recidivism partly as a result of feeling of certainty about their ability to succeed on the outside world. This study does not suggest any co-relation between the availability and use of existing facilities for use of sports and the correction in offenders behaviors. It only suggests, by review of literature and discussion with prisoners that it is possible that particip ating in sports can have long term effects if there continued after release from prison. Here the researcher opines that if the prisoners keep themselves physically active and goal oriented in prison, they may accomplish the same purpose outside of prison. The study suggests the inadequate facilities for sports and non-availability of physical training instructor in the prisons, often hamper the proper planned physical activities for prisoners. The respondents of the study were prisoners and various jails administrators. Almost all the respondents argued that sports acted as a release for aggressive dexterity rather than contributing to further aggression.Given the results of the study in chapter four the government of India, with the prisons, should strive for two main objectives (i) social control and (ii) rehabilitation. Recreation with the help of sports and other physical activities should be implemented for the former, while education should be implemented for the latter.Reco mmendationsThere should be a post of Physical Training Instructor to conduct program of demanding physical activities for jail inmates.Along with the unemployment and poverty, sports and recreation programs should be viewed as the establishment of a general strategy to improve the opportunity of return in jail inmates.Recommendations are made for the development of sports or recreation programs as a preventative role for youth-at-risk and the development of sporting and recreation facilities and opportunities for inmates including monetary assistance for sports facilities and development of any existing facilities.It is suggested that for any long term change to occur the programs need to offer follow-up program. The same is true for physical activities programs which should be considered as only a partial solution for the crime rate in India.More qualitative empirical data should be gather for the sports programs and its inclusion in jail programs.Further researches are needed t o provide holistic view of the relationship between various physical activities and crime records.It is suggested to consider a requirement to monitor program to a consistent, minimum standard for the introduction and development of sports facilities for jai inmates.Various sports federations should be encouraged to participate and promote sports activities in jails for correctional recreational.It is also suggested that a clear setup post-program opportunities for participation in various physical activities, particularly in programs with objective of developing the offenders participation to being and independent activity.Clear and systematic communication between any external organization running a physical activity program and the jail formalized responsible for over-seeing the program.Explicit acknowledgement of achievement by inmates participations in various games and sports, if appropriate by formal awards.A high quality of staff delivering the physical activity programs sh ould be posted at every jail, not simply to deliver the activity but more importantly to achieve the difficult jumble of being able to develop personal social skills, engender mutual respect and maintain a clear behavioral code and discipline.Consensus statement on physical activity programs promotion in prisons should be drafted by all the research agencies and universities running physical education courses in order to facilitate to raise standards in health promotion of prisoners by engaging in different forms of physical activities.It is recommended that whenever imprisonment in imposed, however, loss of freedom constitutes the punishment health and wellbeing must not be compromise.Sports in prison communities requires immediate financial boost in this blessed land of forth-coming xix Common Wealth Games, rising Delhi- 3 14 October, 2010.Government of India should establish special programs, through existing tertiary institutions and distance courses, to train jail administ rators for physical activities and sports.Directorate General of Jail and other similar agency issue or verify the identity card of the researcher on their letterpad in order to smooth conductance of the research work.The use of community sports and recreational resources must be emphasized.The purpose and content of sports and other recreational programs in all the jail settings must be redefined.Physical activities, unemployed services and various sports programs must become an integral component of the inmates treatment process.Recreational rehabilitative programs should be based on more extensive and authoritative analysis in order to ensure high quality programs.Newer study may be taken to analyze the number of sports persons and their participation in jails.Government should allocate separate budget for intensive sports programs aiming for the rehabilitation and to promote wellness, a healthy life style and decrease medical treatment as envisaged by the World Health Organiz ation (2003).

Sylvia Plath Essay -- Biography

Sylvia Plath was a troubled writer to say the least, not only did she endure the sack of her father a young age but she by and by on attempted suicide at her home and was hospitalized, where she underwent psychiatric treatment for her depression (Dunn). Writing primarily as a poet, she only ever wrote a single novel, The cost Jar. This fictional autobiography chronicles the circumstances of her mental collapse and subsequent suicide attempt but from the viewpoint of the fictional protagonist, Esther Greenwood, who suffers the same loss and challenges as Plath (Allen 890). Due to the novels strong resemblance to Plaths own history it was published under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas. In The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath expresses the themes of frenzy and societal pressure on women in the 1950s through symbolism, an unconventional protagonist, and regardry.Through an overwhelming sense of symbolism, the author demonstrates both the separation and pressures that Esther Greenwood goes thr ough. The reoccurring image of a toll jar haunts Esther throughout her story representing both her mental illness and her alienation from the society surrounding her. As Dunn states a glass bell shape jar is used to cover and protect laboratory materials. Significantly, a bell jar also allows objects to remain in view. Much like a scientific specimen, Esther is readily visible to those around her both observation and study. The jar in this case represents her mental instability, which causes her to be isolated from the rest of society and treated abnormally. Furthermore, Plath uses the bell jar to indicate the circumference of the world of pain and mental suffering Esther Greenwood, the heroine, lives in (Evans 105). The heroine herself admit... ...scandal that they did in the tabloids and had only seen it as an immediate means out, a demeanor to escape. Rich in descriptive phrases and words this imagery contributes to the themes. From headlines to cadavers, bell jars to mental illnesses, and a subdued matron to a rebellious young lady, this novel hosts the two overarching themes of alienation and constraints on women in the 1950s. Esther Greenwood separates herself from nearly all of society and simultaneously must overcome the strictures that are set upon her and hinder her from the future she aspires towards. Through extensive imagery, symbolism, and image Sylvia Plath delves into how people strive for perfection and acceptance through social standards and additionally how those that do not comply completely with them are alienated from the group of society, both by themselves or by the group.